Essay on Treatment of Autism in Adolescents - 1281 Words

Temple Grandin, a doctor in the field of animal sciences who suffers from Autism, once said, â€Å"People are always looking for that single magic bullet that will totally change everything. There is no single magic bullet.† Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a general term for a group of complex disorders of brain development. The Autism Spectrum can be split into many subtypes, including Childhood Disintegrative Disorder, Asperger’s Syndrome, and Pervasive Development Disorder- Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS). Starting from an age as young as infancy, symptoms of Autism may be conveyed. Repetitive behavior, any loss of speech or social skills, and attachment to parents are three of the many symptoms expressed by children with Autism (â€Å"What†¦show more content†¦PRT, however, follows the child’s interests, targeting motivation, response to multiple cues, and self-management (Atwood 37). The motivation strategies are also used in the Early Start De nver Model. ESDM is an early intervention approach incorporating ABA strategies as well as parental involvement and focuses on interpersonal exchange. This model is effective in improving IQ, language ability, and social interaction (â€Å"The Early Start Denver Model†). Several types of therapy are also offered to children with ASD. Occupational Therapy (OT), Speech Therapy (ST), and Sensory Integration Therapy (SI) are three of the most used therapies by Autistic children. Occupational Therapy is the use of treatments to develop, recover, or maintain the daily living and work skills of people with a physical, mental or developmental condition (â€Å"Treatments†). Dr. Cathy Pratt, the director of the Indiana Resource Center for Autism, said, â€Å"Children with autism need to be taught how to play and how to act in a social situation† (Landau 51). Occupational Therapy also integrates Speech Therapy in order to help the children learn how to communicate in certain situations. Speech Therapy trains people who have trouble speaking or have speech impediments to speak or communicateShow MoreRelatedAutism Is A Disorder Of Neural Advancement1622 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is Autism? Autism is a disorder of neural advancement, impeded by soci al association and correspondence, and by dull and limited activity in conduct (Carlson, 2007, p. 594). These are signs that seem to start before an adolescent is four years of age. A mental imbalance influences, creating data in the mind by controlling how neural connections and nerve cells join together and are organized systematically, how this happens is not surely understood, but its 1 of 3 recognized issue in the a mentalRead MoreTreatment Options Used for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder1440 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is known as a neurodevelopmental disorder that is capable of weakening communication, behavior and socialization. The term ASD includes three major subtypes which is Autism Spectrum Disorder, Pervasive Developmental Disorder and Asperger’s Disorder. About 9.0 in 1000 children have ASD and certain types of autism might not be identified until three years of life. The probability of boys being diagnosed is higher compared to girls (Bravaccio et al. 2013)Read MoreChild Development and the Impact of Autism1273 Words   |  6 PagesDecker English 101 May 23, 2012 1. Have I identified the cause or effect I am analyzing in my thesis? Yes, I am analyzing cause and effect between autism and children. 2. Have I explained the cause-and-effect relationship convincingly? Yes, I have provided researched examples of the cause and effect relationship between autism and children. 3. Have I organized my causes and/or effects logically? Yes, I have organized my causes and effects throughout the paper. 4. Have I usedRead MoreAutism Is A Matter Of Passionate National Debate1197 Words   |  5 Pages Introduction: †¢ In the past two decades or so, autism has changed from being a condition nobody had even heard about to widely recognized mental health condition. Due to widespread use of internet, social media and smartphones everybody knows something about autism. Just searching for autism in Google brings up more than 68 million results. Autism has become a matter of passionate national debate among different stake holders such as government, public health agencies, mental health associationsRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder1284 Words   |  6 PagesThe DSM-5, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, is a diagnostic tool used in the United States for psychiatric diagnosis. One of these disorders is Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and according to the DSM-5, there are two manifestations. These are: social interaction and communication as well as restricted, repetitive, stereotyped behaviors and interests. Deficits in social communication include social-emotional reciproci ty, nonverbal communicative behaviors and social relationshipsRead MoreThe Neurodevelopmental Disorders ( Asd )1693 Words   |  7 Pagesdevelopmental period. The disorders typically manifest early in development, often before the child enters grade school, and are characterized by developmental deficits that produce impairments of personal, social, academic, or occupational functioning. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is newly classified as such; it was once classified as â€Å"Asperger’s Syndrome.† ASD is a severe neurodevelopmental impairment. The disorder limits the functioning capabilities of children and their capacity to communicate asRead MoreEffective Intervention For Children And Adolescents Possessing A Diagnosis Of An Autism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )860 Words   |  4 PagesInterventions There is a wide range and much controversy surrounding the study and overall effectiveness of different interventions for children and adolescents possessing a diagnosis of an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, regardless of the method of intervention, every intervention shares the common goal which focuses on improving functioning in one or a combination of the following areas: social, communication, behavior, and academic. Social functioning includes interaction with peersRead MoreStrengths In The Strength Of Asd Essay1159 Words   |  5 PagesPatients’ Strengths in the Presence of ASD Learning While there are many difficulties imposed by ASD, it does not appear that ASD has the power to take away one’s ability to learn. During the aforementioned 2003 study of symptom severity in autism, a group of adolescents (age 10-21, mean age = 15.61) was compared to a cohort of adults (age 22 and older, mean age = 31.57), it was observed that symptoms seem to improve overtime. The study attempted to compare childhood symptoms to current symptoms. The resultsRead MoreEssay on Programs for the Treatment of Autism1679 Words   |  7 PagesPrograms for the Treatment of Autism Autism is a pervasive developmental disorder first termed by a man by the name of Kanner in 1943. He described a group of children as having severe language, behavior, and social interaction difficulties. These descriptors are what have come to be the core elements of autism today. Autism is characterized in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (4th ed.) by a continuum of abnormal development in social interaction and communication combined with a restrictedRead MorePrevalence Of Depression And Autism Spectrum Disorder1334 Words   |  6 PagesFunctioning Autism Spectrum Disorder Kelvin Davis PSY 1022 Monday, October 14, 2013 Wednesday 8:00 am Word Countâ€Æ' Abstract Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are quite vulnerable to anxiety and depression, especially in late adolescence and early adult life (Tantum Prestwood, 1999). In accordance with a study sampling children between 7 and 13 years of age (Vickerstaff, Heriot, Wong, Lopes Dossetor, 2006), it is hypothesized that adolescents on the autism spectrum

Law 310 Week 5 You Decide- Taking Business Global

LAWS-310: Week 5 You Decide- Taking Business Global Jeff Jolly Professor Melanie Morris DeVry University 1 April 2017 Table of Contents Introduction 3 Evaluating Proposals 3 Global Implications 5 Protection from Personal Liability 7 Conclusion 7 References 9 Introduction This memo has been created to present all current proposals in regard to the supply of widgets for Gloria Smithson’s company to meet the requirements of current orders by customers. Though the ideal supply of widgets from domestic based companies is advised for several reasons, we will examine other options that may be more beneficial for Mrs. Smithson’s company. We will look at a local proposal coming from the same area as†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ The offer needs to be communicated in writing or verbally to the offeree. †¢ The terms set out in the offer need to be concrete and unambiguous. With further examination of the three proposals provided to Mrs. Smithson, we have verified that all three have met the criteria to qualify them as formal offers to supply widgets for her business. The details of the three proposals that offer specific quantities of widgets and their prices are as follows. Greenleaf Manufacturing has offered to manufacture up to 6,000,000 widgets per year at a cost of $5.01 each. Sunrise LTD in Quanzhou, China has offered to manufacture 100% of Mrs. Smithson’s needs at a cost of $4.01 each. The third offer comes from Groupo Embarco located in Brazil offers to manufacture 10,000,000 widgets per year at a cost of $3.83 each, with the willingness to expand his operations to provide more widgets if required. Upon further review of the details that are included in Greenleaf Manufacturing’s proposal, the set deadline has passed (March 3, 2016). If Greenleaf Manufacturing would still like to be a part of the selection process, they will need to make a revised offer with current dates. All three proposals promise to manufacture a portion or all of the required widgets at a givenShow MoreRelatedMacro-Environment Analysis of Italy and 12 C Frameworks4985 Words   |  20 Pageschanges in the political environment that may have a direct impact on business. The political factors have influence on the tax that the business has to paid, the currency of the country and the business procedures that need to be carried out in order to be able to open a business in Italy. The economic factors are indicative of the economic stability of the country and are based on the GDP, the global rank of doing business, the influence of tourism. The social environment includes the culturalRead MoreInternat ional Management67196 Words   |  269 PagesManagement Culture, Strategy, and Behavior Eighth Edition Fred Luthans University of Nebraska–Lincoln Jonathan P. Doh Villanova University INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT: CULTURE, STRATEGY, AND BEHAVIOR, EIGHTH EDITION Published by McGraw-Hill, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020. Copyright  © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Previous editions  © 2009, 2006, and 2003. No part of this publication may be reproducedRead MoreInstructor Manual37126 Words   |  149 PagesSecond Edition Prepared by F. Robert Jacobs ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am indebted to all of my colleagues who have contributed to this manual. Very few of the ideas contained in here are totally original. Thanks much to all of you for spending so much time discussing how you do things in class and allowing me to share your ideas in this manual. F. Robert Jacobs i TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Videos included on the student DVD Additional pedagogical resources that come with the book ChapterRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pagesmultiple study paths, to self-assessment, to a wealth of interactive visual and audio resources, WileyPLUS gives you everything you need to personalize the teaching and learning experience.  » F i n d o u t h ow t o M A K E I T YO U R S  » www.wileyplus.com ALL THE HELP, RESOURCES, AND PERSONAL SUPPORT YOU AND YOUR STUDENTS NEED! 2-Minute Tutorials and all of the resources you your students need to get started www.wileyplus.com/firstday Student support from an experienced student userRead MoreLidl Norway30015 Words   |  121 PagesUniversity  of  Agder,  2010   Faculty  of  Economics  and  Social  Sciences   Department  of  Economics  and  Business  Administration      i            ii      Abstract   When  talking  to  a  Norwegian  about  Lidl,  most   people  will  have  a  strong  opinion  about   the  company.  Ã‚  Some  will  tell  you  that  Lidl  was  a  positive  contributor  to  the  Norwegian   grocery  market,  because  of  their  low  prices  and  Ã¢â‚¬Å"exotic†Ã‚  products.  Some  will  tell  you  that   they  never  shopped  there,  because  they  didn’t  want  to  support  a  foreign  company  that  Read MoreEconomics - Tutorial Answers26233 Words   |  105 Pagesin one night. Review Question 2 (pp. 4) Use the headlines in today’s news to provide some examples of scarcity around the world. A headline in National Post in July 2008 was â€Å"Last-Frontier Forest is at Risk from Boom.† This story discusses how the â€Å"global resource boom is threatening one of the world’s last tropical-forest frontiers: the Merauke region of Indonesia †¦Ã¢â‚¬ . The story points out the scarcity of tropical rainforests as well as the scarcity of mineral reserves and how the two are collidingRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pages22/10/2007 11:54 Page 599 Guide to using the case studies The main text of this book includes 87 short illustrations and 15 case examples which have been chosen to enlarge speciï ¬ c issues in the text and/or provide practical examples of how business and public sector organisations are managing strategic issues. The case studies which follow allow the reader to extend this linking of theory and practice further by analysing the strategic issues of speciï ¬ c organisations in much greater depth –Read MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pagesplanning (.2.3.4) [App. G-4] Chapter 12 Outsourcing 12.1.1 Procurement requirements [G.8] 12.1.2.3 Contract types 9.4.2.3 Conflict management 12.2.7 The art of negotiating 12.2.3.5 Change requests Chapter 13 Monitoring Progress Chapter 5 Estimating Times and Costs 6.4 Activity duration estimates (.3) 6.4.2 Estimating tools (.1.3.4) 6.3.1 Identifying resources 7.1 Activity cost estimates (.2.3.4.5) 5.1.2.4 Delphi method Chapter 6 10.5.3 Cost/schedule system (.1) 6.6 .2.1 TimeRead MoreCase Studies for Management (taken at various books and websites)12036 Words   |  49 Pagesbonus program decreased by 50 percent. Questions: 1.  ­How does expected performance relate to the current business outlook? 2.  ­What are the results that need to be achieved in the short and long term? 3. Is senior management prepared to support and communicate this program or issue? 4. Are compensation committee members/board of director members familiar with similar programs or issues? 5. Has the compensation committee/board of directors reviewed similar compensation programs or issues in theRead MoreMarketing and Financial Markets41809 Words   |  168 PagesResponsibility and ethics in Marketing 92  © Part 3: Using information, Technology, and Target Market Analysis 127 5. Marketing Research and information Systems 128 6. target Markets: Segmentation, evaluation, and Positioning 158 Part 4: Customer Behavior 191 7. Consumer Buying Behavior 192 8. Business Markets and Buying Behavior 222 9. Reaching Global Markets 244 Part 5: Product decisions 279 10. 11. 12. 13. Product Concepts 280 developing and Managing Products 304 Branding and

Project Management Techniques to Analyze Production

Question: Discuss about the Project Management for Techniques to Analyze Production. Answer: Introduction In the modern business environment, every companies operating requires advanced techniques to analyze production cost and cost of sales to undertake pricing decisions for their finished goods. The proper determination of selling price of the products is important for every organization so as to obtain profit for the business for the definite accounting period. Therefore, it is imperative to record the cost of production in detail. The related case study will find out the cost of manufacture and the cost of sales for the finished product of Carlton Speciality PLC, an organization concerned with the production of custom- based furniture. The accounting data of Carlton Speciality PLC needs to be computed in order to understand the manufacturing cost and the sales cost as most of the records regarding accounts are lost due to a minor fire incident within the company. The other requirements in this study include the analysis of process and job costing. In the books of Carlton Speciality PLC Schedule of Cost of Goods Manufactured Goods Sold for the month of July'2016 Particulars Amount Amount Direct Material Consumed : Raw Material Purchase 425000 Add : Opening Balance of Raw Material 3091000 3516000 Less: Closing Balance of Raw Material 850000 2666000 Direct Labor Costs : 864000 PRIME COST 3530000 Manufacturing Overhead 1350000 FACTORY COST 4880000 Opening Balance of Work-in-Progress 240000 Less: Closing Balance of Work-in-Progress 240000 0 COSTS OF GOODS MANUFACTURED 4880000 Opening Balance of Finished Goods 320000 Less: Closing Balance of Finished Goods 1200000 -880000 COST OF GOODS SOLD 4000000 Add: Profit Margin @50% 2000000 SELLING PRICES 6000000 Workings: Dr. Accounts Payable A/c. Cr. Date Particulars Amount Date Particulars Amount 30-Jun To, Bank A/c. 430000 1st July By, Balance B/f 70000 By, Purchase of Raw Material A/c. 425000 30th June By, Balance C/f 65000 495000 495000 Dr. Raw Material A/c. Cr. Date Particulars Amount Date Particulars Amount 1st July To, Balance b/f 3091000 30th June By, Work-in-Progress A/c. 2666000 To, Accounts Payable A/c. 425000 30th June By, Balance c/f 850000 3516000 3516000 Dr. Finished Goods A/c. Cr. Date Particulars Amount Date Particulars Amount 1st July To, Balance B/f 320000 By, Cost of Goods Sold A/c. 1786000 To, Work-in-Progress A/c. 2666000 30th June By, Balance C/f 1200000 2986000 2986000 Dr. Cost of Goods Sold A/c. Cr. Date Particulars Amount Date Particulars Amount 30th June To Finished Goods A/c. 1786000 To Direct Labor Cost A/c. 864000 To, Manufacturing Overhead A/c. 1350000 30th June By, Income Statement 4000000 4000000 4000000 Dr. Work-in-Progress A/c. Cr. Date Particulars Amount Date Particulars Amount 1st July To, Balance B/f 240000 By, Finished Goods A/c. 2666000 To, Raw Materials A/c. 2666000 30-Apr By, Balance C/f 240000 2906000 2906000 Dr. Manufacturing Overhead A/c. Cr. Date Particulars Amount Date Particulars Amount 30th June To Bank A/c. 1350000 By, Cost of Goods Sold A/c. 1350000 1350000 1350000 2. In the books of Carlton Speciality PLC Income Statement for the month of July'2016 Particulars Amount Amount Sales Revenue 6000000 Cost of Goods Sold -4000000 Gross Profit 2000000 Selling Administrative Cost -400000 Net Income before Interest Tax 1600000 3. The difference between Job Costing and Process Costing are as follows: Job Costing Job costing refers to the computation of cost of orders and work agreements, which are evaluated according to the customers demand. It is a customized way of production business function because this process analyzes every unit of operations individually. The job costing evaluation is done by calculating single job operations individually. The cost center for job costing is concerned with only the job performance and there is no transfer of costs from one individual unit to another. This method is heterogeneous in nature as every work function in this method is non-identical in nature. The essential feature of this technique is that the cost in this method is calculated at the end after the completion of the whole job (DRURY 2013). This method is mostly suitable for the organizations who manufacture goods according to the demands of the customer and the cost reduction from the orders is less in this type of technique. Process Costing Process Costing refers to the method in which the costs are incurred on the total number of operations and process undertaken in an enterprise. The manufacturing function in this process takes place in a standardized manner because this function moves according to a stipulated guideline for operations. Process costing determines all the costs together in the beginning of the process and then allocates to the various division of the manufacturing units. The cost center in this method involves a process or mechanism. The cost associated with any work also gets migrated with the work when the commodity moves from one processing unit to the other. This technique is an ongoing process function and so the commodities manufactured are similar in nature having identical characteristics and thus losing their individuality. In process costing, the total cost of production is computed at the end of the manufacturing period. The process is ideal for firms who are mass producers of any product as this method is a continuous one without any interruptions and the level of cost reduction is higher in this technique thus giving a competitive edge to the organizations (DRURY 2013). 4. According to the given question, monthly production report is an example of Periodic inventory system. This is because monthly production report refers to systematic and periodic up gradation of inventory system after every month. It is known that periodic inventory system is the process of updating records of the inventory after any specific time-period example after a quarter, month or year (Chołodowicz and Orłowski 2015). Thus it is for certain that monthly production report is an example of periodic inventory system. Conclusion The above questions gives out the schedule for cost of goods produced and cost of goods sold of the firm Carlton Speciality PLC to determine the missing information of accounts due to loss in fire. It also finds out the difference between process and job costing and finds out that monthly production report is an example of Periodic inventory system. Reference List Chołodowicz, E. and Orłowski, P., 2015. A periodic inventory control system with adaptive reference stock level for long supply delay.Measurement Automation Monitoring,61. DRURY, C.M., 2013.Management and cost accounting. Springer.

Problems Caused By the Use of Digital Innovation-Free-Samples

Question: Discuss some of the problems caused by the use of digital and electronic innovation in healthcare and medical practice. What are the possible solutions to these challenges? Answer: Introduction: With the advent of technology and digital innovation, the healthcare sector has also not remained untouched. Rather, the effective adoption of the digital health tools and electronic technology, has largely helped in improving the quality of healthcare service. The healthcare professionals are now capable of employing the use of various innovative tools including mobile health apps, telemedicine and remote monitoring apps that help them offer comprehensive healthcare solutions to the patients and their families (Sultan, 2015). However, recently it has been observed that many healthcare professionals have voiced their disenchantment with the development of the digital healthcare sectors, and hence this report intends to analyse the challenges and limitations that can potentially hinder the growth . Findings: Despite the growth of electronic technology, especially mobile technology, the successful development as well as integration of new technology in the traditional set-up of a healthcare sector is indeed challenging and does require a very radical shift from the traditional as well as single-disciplinary clinical approach to a more innovative approach. Needless to state that this would imply additional investment in the form of training of healthcare personnel and well as developed infrastructure (Hollis et al., 2015). Again, at the very same time, it is important to note here that owing to the recent revolutionary achievement in mobile technology, it has become possible for the healthcare sectors to monitor the health of the patients, and prescribe medication during odd hours of the day. This is especially beneficial while providing healthcare service to the patients living in the remote and interior areas of the nation, such as Torres Strait Island. AS a result, as more and more heal thcare professionals are being provided access to Personal Electronic Devices, in the form of Smart Phones. Discussion: However, despite the benefits, the problem is, that many healthcare personnel have been accused of constantly checking social media, texts and e-mail chats leading to the deterioration of healthcare service being provided to the patients. It is important to note that the electronic distraction has been rated as one of the top factors that has accounted for the maximum medical technology errors. With over 80% of the healthcare professionals using the mobile devices for client service purpose, many of them exploit the same as the pathways to escape from their professional duties (Bailey et al., 2015). Again, the importance of Electronic Health Records in the provision of an efficient and organized healthcare service cannot be overemphasized. It should be noted that the EHR helps the healthcare sectors keep, maintain, integrate as well as provide up-to-date and accurate data about the patients to the healthcare professionals, as well as the patients and their families as and when requir ed. There is no gain stating that this also assists in offering a safer and more reliable prescription of medicines and healthcare support to the patients, as the case history and previously treatment process is readily available to the physician (Reamer, 2015). However, since this system enables the healthcare organizations secure highly confidential and sensitive data of the patients, lack of data security, the abuse of patient privacy and breaching of data can also occur. Conclusion Thus from the above discussion, it can be concluded that healthcare technologies are an important need in the health care sectors. However, there are certain challenges as experienced by the health care professionals that hinder the optimal implementations of these capital technologies in health. Recommendation For the optimised implementation of the healthcare technologies, certain measures need to be taken off. Like in order to beat the access of the sharpening of the communication skills, asking the same question is different ways in order to understand the gravity of the situation and increased importance of the initial assessment. In order to influence the health care professionals to adopt these promising technologies in the health domain and to beat the theft of piracy, a proper functioning IT team is mandatory. IT team will streamline the sustainable application of the health care technologies like Electronic Health Records and Tele communication (Gagnon et al., 2012). The team will manage and debug the database while preventing system hang and data thefting. Moreover, the IT professionals are the best person to train the health care professionals regarding the optimal implementation of the health care technologies. Reference List: Ajami, S., Bagheri-Tadi, T. (2013). Barriers for adopting electronic health records (EHRs) by physicians.Acta Informatica Medica,21(2), 129. Bailey, J., Mann, S., Wayal, S., Abraham, C., Murray, E. (2015). Digital media interventions for sexual health promotionopportunities and challenges.BMJ,350, h1099. Bayley, K. B., Belnap, T., Savitz, L., Masica, A. L., Shah, N., Fleming, N. S. (2013). Challenges in using electronic health record data for CER: experience of 4 learning organizations and solutions applied.Medical care,51, S80-S86. Gartee, R. (2016).Electronic health records: understanding and using computerized medical records. Prentice Hall. Hollis, C., Morriss, R., Martin, J., Amani, S., Cotton, R., Denis, M., Lewis, S. (2015). Technological innovations in mental healthcare: harnessing the digital revolution.The British Journal of Psychiatry,206(4), 263-265. Reamer, F. G. (2015). Clinical social work in a digital environment: Ethical and risk-management challenges.Clinical Social Work Journal,43(2), 120-132 Rothwell, E., Ellington, L., Planalp, S., Crouch, B. (2012). Exploring challenges to telehealth communication by specialists in poison information.Qualitative health research,22(1), 67-75. Sultan, N. (2015). Reflective thoughts on the potential and challenges of wearable technology for healthcare provision and medical education.International Journal of Information Management,35(5), 521-526

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder And Vietnam Veterans Essays

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder And Vietnam Veterans Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Vietnam Veterans The power of the human brain is a mystery of science. For example, while certain parts of the brain are well known to control certain bodily functions, the brains memory capacity is just now being discovered. Scientists believe that only a small fraction of the brain is actually used, and its potential power is much greater than one may expect or believe. Its ability to view and store information is still not totally understood by scientists today. This causes a special problem in the treatment certain mental illnesses such as Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, or PTSD, is a reaction to a traumatic event in which death, serious injury, or the threat of either is present. The most common occurrence of this illness is among veterans of war, and it is very common among those who served in Vietnam. Vietnam veterans who suffer from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and do not receive medical treatment are at a high risk of suicide and other horrible demises. They become despondent and hard to talk to. It is as if the sufferers of PTSD are in a different reality. The traumatic events play back in their mind and they have a tough time relating with people. Louise Erdrich illustrates this in The Red Convertible. The short story is about two teenage Native American boys, Lyman and Henry, and the bond of their love for each other symbolized by a red convertible. One summer they buy a red convertible and travel across North America. When they return home, the older of the two, Henry, gets drafted in the war and spends up to three years in Vietnam with several of them as a POW. When he comes back, the effects of PTSD are obvious, but medical treatment is unavailable to him on his reservation because his mother is afraid to visit the local doctor. Henry, who used to be an energetic, joking, happy-go-lucky person, is now very quiet, jumpy, and uncomfortable around other people. He just sits in front of the familys color television firmly gripping his chair. People on the reservation find Henry strange and they do not know how to act around him. Lyman finds his brother hard to understand, so he purposely destroys the convertible, which he had kept in good shape since before the war, and believes that through Henry fixing it, their old relationship can be rekindled. For a while Henry shows a small bit of his old self as he intently works to refurbish the car. When the car is completed, Henry and Lyman go for a drive and end up drinking beer down by the flooded river. In the end, Henry goes for a swim in river where his boots fill with water and his painful memories are finally stopped when he drowns. (Erdrich 293-301) Henry illustrates symptoms many Vietnam veterans have faced after the war. According to Arthur G. Neal and his book National Trauma and Collective Memory: Major events in the American Century, one of the main reasons Vietnam veterans suffer from PTSD is that they were thrown back into society without a any sort of ritualistic purification (140). Neal tells us that unlike after World War II when soldiers were given parades and were praised as heroes, Vietnam veterans were badly treated by civilian Americans because of the huge disbelief in and hatred of the war (140). The lack of this purification was especially bad for those veterans who were underprivileged, such as Native Americans. These underprivileged veterans were unable to get the required medical attention to treat their disorder. The poverty that Native Americans and those of other similar demographics lived in caused a sharp difference in veterans who suffered from PTSD, as Sarah L. Knox writes in a review of Eric T. Dean, Jr.s Shook over Hell: Post-Traumatic Stress, Vietnam, and the Civil War (111). Knox says Dean argues that the privileged veteran would receive better treatment and medical attention compared to his impoverished counterpart (111). Neal also states that the communities and employers of Vietnam veterans treated them as if they had just gotten back from a vacation (140). This casual handling

Can democracy be spread by force

Can democracy be spread by force Introduction Typically, democracy is a system of governance in which people choose their preferred government and rulers. This can be exercised through voting in a free and fair mannerism.1Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Can democracy be spread by force? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is instantiated by rights like freedom of expression and freedom of speech amongst others. Therefore, at its core, democracy signifies a fair and justifiable power distribution in any kind of society. This paper discerns whether democracy can be spread by force. Concurrently, it argues against the possibility of attaining democracy through forceful strategies. It also provides relevant countries and global instances (as examples) to certify this claim. This is a critical provision when considered comprehensively in the realms of democracy and its relevant benefits. In a democratic society, an individual has more power of governing his or her life as it would be appropriate (self choice of expression). Considerably, there are four main elements of democracy.2 Besides a political system where people choose and replace their government through elections (which are free and fair), people also participate actively as citizens in their civic life and politics. In addition, the rule of law which applies equally to every citizen should be used to protect the fundamental human rights of each and every citizen. Even though democracy is much embraced in most countries of the western world, it has failed in some continents such as Africa, Middle East regions, and to some extent, south Asia. Tribalism, which has its deep roots in these counties, is the major reason for this failure.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Considerably, some attempts to attain democracy through force have worked in some countries includi ng Japan and Germany after the World War II. Nonetheless, some forceful efforts have failed significantly. Actually, the majority of people from these countries would prefer voting for a candidate who is a member of their tribe, religion, or sect rather than someone else who is a not a member even if that individual have got better governance ideologies. This is very evident in countries such as Zimbabwe and Iraq. The United States of America is at the forefront in spreading democracy.3 But why should they seek to spread democracy? And can democracy be achieved by force? Evidently, forced democracy might destroy a society during its establishment. Consequently, the society should be rebuilt after achieving the concerned democracy as it happened in the developed nations such as the Japan and Germany amongst others. Democracy can be spread by force To some extent this statement is true. For instance, the United States of America has launched an international war on terror, which invol ves strategies that embrace the regime change concepts. This creates new identities which are politically democratic and wins the hearts and minds of people. As an illustration, the involvement of the US in both Afghanistan and Iraq was premised on the view of eliminating terror and putting democracy in place. The United States has been successful in campaigning and spreading democracy through the use of military, politics, and psychology in almost each and every area that is involved around the world.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Can democracy be spread by force? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Definitely, this close connection has implied that the extent of influence by the United States around the globe has been expanded. In fact, they have exploited every globalization device like television broadcasting and internet to compound the extent of its influence. These have been very effective in spreading democra tic propaganda in most regions of the globe that are governed by dictatorships. In addition, they have created changes in the political awareness in support to democratizing. At the end of the Second World War, US took an active role to deepen and widen democracy in western parts of Europe. The European integration was encouraged by the United States in establishing and stabilizing the democracy. NATO was the fortification within which West Germany, Spain, Portugal, and Italy became democratic. The integrated Europe and the twin NATO institutions jointly formed powerful incentives for developing democracies of the East European countries to link with the multilateral institutions of Western Europe at the end of the cold war.4 This shows how democracy spread in the western countries. However, it is important to note that war is characterized by the destruction of economy and ruining of the whole society. The society is rebuilt after the achievement of democracy as it happened in the developed nations such as the Japan and Germany amongst others as indicated earlier. There are certain problems that plague political efforts; typically, creating an arrangement that is able to safeguard people’s interests without persecution threats. Different nations around the globe have struggled with power balance by either using imperial or even more idealistic schemes to concentrate power for governing the world.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There has been lots of debate domestically on how much right the executive should have. The strong executive supporters believe that the best way of preserving peace is through uncontrolled ability to discourage or anticipate an attack. However, the antagonists of such kind of a scheme distress that it is likely to allow the executives to start war very easily and would be particularly unstoppable if many nations adopt it. This dilemma was tried to be resolved by the administration of George W. Bush by creating the democratic empire concept.5 America is regarded as inalienable military power that is able to enforce a peaceful order in any part of the troubled world. In this way, America continues to keep unchallengeable military strengths. Thus, it is not necessary to destabilize weapon competitions of other eras and also restricts the contentions to trade as well as other peace pursuant. Actually, most people around the globe are uncomfortable with the policy of the United States w hich welcomes power in the provision and commitment to freedom.6 Their policy stresses that freedom commitment can and must create a common cause to counter the enemies of freedom. This a clear indication that if such policies are not available to safeguard the rights and freedoms of individuals in the society -their democracy- then most of the nations will not allow their people to exercise these rights. It is very likely that the democratic institutions of governments will not be able to thwart the abuse of power used in promoting democracy and the application of military power will instill democracy in these nations. The demonstrations and protests that swept the Middle East in the beginning of the year 2011 is a further illustration that indeed democracy can be spread by force. These protests resulted to the removal of Tunisian president Ben Ali and shook Hosni Mubarak’s government of Egypt. In these countries, it is not only the world superpowers like the United States t hat gave a more vocal support to the people who demanded democracy on the Cairo streets but also the people stood firm in calling for change of leadership in their country. Eventually, the kind of leadership that was characterized by dictatorship and the oppression of the poor and the disadvantaged in the society had to cede power, sending a strong message to the rest of the world that if a leader clings to power through corruption and denial of democracy, at long last he or she will have to face the consequences. This is one way in which democracy has been spread around the globe. There is also a lot of argument as to whether the use of force or military action is justifiable in promoting democracy. In some cases, the action of military may not only be essential in facilitating and restoring democracy but also in ending certain cruel kind of dictatorship. For instance, in Rwanda genocide of 1994 is a typical example. The military involvement was very justifiable to put an end to ge nocide and restore peace in Rwanda. Nonetheless, military intervention should be considered as a last resort since a lot of destruction of the society as well as economic degradation is associated with such forceful democracy. While considering other viable theories, democracy is a major contributor to fundamental human values and should be encouraged all over the world. It promotes values such as the rights of workers, freedom of speech and movement. It also establishes an environment that is secure and stable for citizens of a country. In addition to this, democracy is a value that ensures interests of all citizens and the country are taken care of and their rights are secured.7 Governments that promote democracy are the ones that enhance peace, avoid violence and wars, encourage development, and advocate for the rights of all humans. Democracy should be promoted in the modern world to assist in the achievement of stability and growth for humanity. Its development should also be p romoted to enable countries that are newly formed to adopt democratic principles. Countries that have not implemented principles of democracy should be denounced and encouraged to adopt them. Many countries in the world have adopted democracy and continue to promote human rights. There are others still in the process of implementing strategies that will ensure democracy.8 The growth of democracy has taken a long time and there are various methods that have been used to spread it. There have also been various barriers to the spread of the value and commercial barriers are among them. Some of the methods that have been used to spread democracy are through use of religion and education. However, there is the question of the effectiveness of coercion in spreading democracy. There are people who believe that force can be used in spreading democracy while others believe that it is not an effective method. The question to use force or not in spreading democracy can be answered using theori es of international relations. This section of paper will attempt to answer the question using realism and liberal theories. With respect to democracy, realism focuses on the motives leading to proper security, control and capital (Gilbert 58). On the other hand, liberalism proposes that the difference that exists between countries regarding principles of democracy is the main causes of wars. Realism first focuses on the main causes of wars. The theory also believes that the international structure and systems has an important role in international relations. The proponents of this theory further believe that the absence of authority from a central point leads to dilemma on matters of security. This therefore means that attempts by one country to seek security assurance are likely to make its adversaries feel insecure. These adversaries can them arm up and use other forms of interactions that are hostile by nature. The relative capabilities of countries thus play an important role i n international relations. Concurrently, the central authority plays important roles in the international relations and gives a reason for countries to relate in the international system.9 Groups based in various parts of the world are also important in international relations (according to the realists). Additionally, the behavior of the states is considered to be rational according to this theory. The reason for this belief among realists is that states use logic when making decisions and act in the interest of the nation. They do this so as to survive, be secure, be powerful and gain capital. The motives of the nation usually make analysts to manipulate how policy makers think and this has the effect of policy makers making laws that are in the interest of the nation.10 The realists also note that states respond to external factors. Thus, their actions are guided by what happens internationally. These can be used to explain how democracy can be spread using force. For example, Ir aq was a country led by a dictator. There were also extremists in Iraq and the rights of the citizen were not guaranteed. The United States, on the other hand, is a country that values democracy and protection of the rights of individuals. United States thus attempted to promote these values in Iraq forcefully. However, according to realists, there are other interests that the United States had apart from the promotion of democracy in Iraq. United States wanted to ensure that it is secure and its citizens are safe. The United States also wanted to avoid Iraq’s quest to develop weapons of mass destruction. If Iraq developed these weapons, then it would be a threat to United States and countries that are allied to it. In addition to these interests of the United States, the need to develop military bases in the Middle East was another reason for going to Iraq. The United States wanted to develop military bases in Iran and Syria so as to help Israel, which is an ally of Unites S tates. Another reason was the need to secure the supply of oil for the United States and the need to reduce complications that could result from energy shortage. This is a critical provision when scrutinized comprehensively. Finally, United States hardly ratified inspections UN executed in Iraq to determine whether there were weapons of mass destruction. These, according to realism theory of international relations, guided the policy decisions of the United States. It means that the United States checked the benefits that could result from invading Iraq and the costs of the invasion. It then made decision based on the findings with respect to democracy. Additionally, the United States was a central point of authority. It had the military might and is a super power.11 The foreign policies of the United States are also war preventive against countries considered to be rogue. The military might of United States also played an important part. According to the theory, the military streng th of a country is important. It determines how the country establishes, ratifies, and protects its foreign policies.12 Thus, US ensured that its military might was unmatched and if Iraq was developing weapons of mass destruction, then it had to be dealt with. These informed one of the policies of Bush administration and this was to remove the Baathist regime in Iraq. It did not, however, attack other countries such as North Korea or Libya or Iran. This is because of the interests that it had. In the attack, democracy was to be achieved by force in Iraq. In other words, the foreign policy of the United States is democratic in nature. On the other hand, according to liberalism, decisions to ratify force (to initiate democracy) are made based on differences that exist between countries that are democratic and countries that are non-democratic. Thus it is the ideologies that exist in a country, the beliefs and the views to the world operations are the guiding factors on whether to go t o war or not. This is different from the realists who see financial, political and bureaucratic motives of the elites as the reasons for going to war. Liberalism theory believes that the spread of democratic principles can lead to peace in the whole world. They argue that countries that uphold democratic principles are usually peaceful compared to countries that are ruled by authoritarian regimes. In addition to this, the liberals argue that economic interdependence among countries can promote peace too. This is because countries that are cooperating or depending on each other economically cannot go to war against each other because this would destroy both economically.13 According to liberals, states are the main actors in international matters and relations and not any other organization such as international corporations. According to liberals, the United States fear that Iraq could attack it and its allies because the ruler in Iraq was a dictator is one reason it attacked Iraq f irst. Secondly, it attacked Iraq because US’s security, security of other nations, and the rights of the Iraqis could only be derived through democracy. This means that the security for the whole world can be achieved when democracy is spread in the whole world. Security for the world can also be attained through trade and regulation of conflicts by international organizations. The liberals thus propose that force can be used to remove dictators from power and this will enable enhancement of freedom and thus democracy. In Iraq, this is what happened according to many people. A dictator, Saddam Hussein, was removed from power and the Iraqis gained democracy. Democracy cannot be achieved by force Even though most nations (especially in the western world) have been able to achieve forceful democracy, there are some regions where forced democracy has failed. Currently Americans have different opinions about the idea of promoting democracy.14 Even though most people believe that t he aim of the US foreign policy should be focused on endorsing democracy, there is unwillingness to make its promotion a key theme in their foreign policy as well as an opposition to the use of military force or threats to achieve democracy. Concurrently, the Americans believe they have a moral obligation of promoting democracy.15 There is a considerable support for cooperative approaches to promote democracy and involving the United Nations. There are people who would prefer to promote democracy in more friendly dictatorial countries regardless of whether it may result into unfriendly governments. Most people approve putting public and diplomatic pressure to respect the fundamental human rights. In 2005, the Americans resisted the recommendation of George w. Bush to make democracy promotion as the Central American policy. Evidently, Iraq and Iran have indicated unsuccessful instances where force was applied to establish democracy. Despite the US’s efforts to restore democrac y in the region, some instances of impartiality can be noticed within the region. The main purpose of democracy is creating reason and order in the society. However, when forced it could result into even more chaos, like in Israel and Palestine. Here the Israelites were given land (by the US), which the Palestinians claimed to be theirs. Consequently, there has been a constant war between the two countries. There are other countries which cannot keep democracy whether forceful or peaceful. Russia is a typical example where capital revolution rather than democracy has taken its deeper roots.16 In the majority of the undeveloped countries, democracy is difficult to sustain. In most cases, in smaller countries with already established set of cultures or government, when democracy is forced upon them it is more likely to backfire. In this case democracy will lead to tyranny17. Democracy has failed in America, majorly, because the government gets involved too much in the activities of bu sinesses like Microsoft. It imposes lots or restrictions which limit what can be done by the company thus hindering the value of democracy within these businesses. Even if democracy is forced on some countries, leaders still manipulate their way into dictatorship with impunity. Ngo Diem from the republic of Vietnam was a leader who never liked the public elections idea. When he was forced to establish and agree to the democracy of holding public elections, he organized it in a way that favored his victory. In this case, he sent soldiers in plainclothes into the districts of his opponents to make sure that he wins. This shows that democracy was still not yet exercised. The concerned election was not a free and fair. Precisely, the democratic society idea has changed and evolved over the past years to fit the country and its citizens. Even if not everybody is willing to accept a democratic government easily, there should be willingness of all parties involved. Democracy has succeeded in some countries simply because people have decided to exercise democracy rather than using force to impose it. Conclusion In conclusion, using force in spreading democracy is often necessary in most cases; however, it is not a vital success element. Democracy is changing regularly, not just for the citizens but also for the period it takes place. As evident earlier, democracy can be achieved through force in some cases; nonetheless, force never gives positive results in other instances. This is a critical provision when considered critically in the context of democracy and its promotional events. Every government should embrace democracy to give its citizens their necessary freedoms and rights. Bibliography Aron, R, Peace and War: A Theory of International Relations, Transactions Publishers, New Brunswick, 2003. Art, RJ K, Waltz. The Use of Force: Military Power and International Politics, Rowman Littlefield, Lanham, 2003.. Barkawi, T M Laffey. Democracy, Liberalism, and War: R ethinking the Democratic Peace Debate, Lynne Rienner Publ, Boulder, 2001. Benjamin, P, The Foreign Policy Disconnect: What Americans Want from Our Leaders but Dont Get, Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago, 2006. Botscher, J, Neorealist Assessment of Indias Look East Policy, Grin Verlag, London, 2011. Bulliet, R, The Earth and Its People: A Global History, Cengage Wadsworth, Boston, 2011. Bundu, A, Democracy by Force?: (a Study of International Military Intervention in the Civil War in Sierra Leone from 1991-2000, Universal Publication, Parkland, 2001. Carter, A, Direct Action and Democracy Today, Polity Press, Cambridge, 2004. DAnieri, PJ, International Politics: Power and Purpose in Global Affairs, Wadsworth Cengage Learning, Boston, 2012. Fortmann, MT JJ, Wirtz, Balance of Power: Theory and Practice in the 21st Century, Stanford University Press, Stanford, 2004. Gilbert, A, Must Global Politics Constrain Democracy?: Great-power Realism, Democratic Peace, and Democratic Internationali sm, Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, 1999. Hobson, J, Imperialism: A Study, Cosimo, New York, 2005. Lambert, A, Democratic Civilian Control of Armed Forces in the Post-Cold War Era, LIT, Münster, 2008. Rousseau, DL, Identifying Threats and Threatening Identities: The Social Construction of Realism and Liberalism, Stanford University Press, Stanford, 2006. Traub, J, The Freedom Agenda: Why America Must Spread Democracy (just Not the Way George Bush Did), Straus and Giroux, New York, 2009. Varas, A, Democracy Under Siege, Greenwood, Westport, 1989. Footnotes 1 A Bundu, Democracy by Force?: (a Study of International Military Intervention in the Civil War in Sierra Leone from 1991-2000, Universal Publication, Parkland, 2001, p. 65. 2 T Barkawi M Laffey. Democracy, Liberalism, and War: Rethinking the Democratic Peace Debate, Lynne Rienner Publ, Boulder, 2001, p. 73. 3 P Benjamin, The Foreign Policy Disconnect: What Americans Want from Our Leaders but Dont Get, Univ. of Chicago Pres s, Chicago, 2006, p. 23. 4 A Veras, Democracy Under Siege, Greenwood, Westport, 1989, p. 45. 5 PJ DAnieri, International Politics: Power and Purpose in Global Affairs, Wadsworth Cengage Learning, Boston, 2012, p. 86. 6 J Botscher, Neorealist Assessment of Indias Look East Policy, Grin Verlag, London, 2011, p. 36. 7 R Bulliet, The Earth and Its People: A Global History, Cengage Wadsworth, Boston, 2011, p. 67. 8 R Art K Waltz, The Use of Force: Military Power and International Politics, Rowman Littlefield, Lanham, 2003, p. 25. 9 J Traub,The Freedom Agenda: Why America Must Spread Democracy (just Not the Way George Bush Did), Straus and Giroux, New York, 2009, p. 50. 10 A Gilbert, Must Global Politics Constrain Democracy?: Great-power Realism, Democratic Peace, and Democratic Internationalism, Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, 1999, p. 97. 11 MT Fortmann JJ Wirtz, Balance of Power: Theory and Practice in the 21st Century, Stanford University Press, Stanford, 2004, p. 64. 12 A Carter , Direct Action and Democracy Today, Polity Press, Cambridge, 2004, p. 60. 13 A Gilbert, Must Global Politics Constrain Democracy?: Great-power Realism, Democratic Peace, and Democratic Internationalism, Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, 1999. 14 DL Rousseau, Identifying Threats and Threatening Identities: The Social Construction of Realism and Liberalism, Stanford University Press, Stanford, 2006. 15 A Lambert, Democratic Civilian Control of Armed Forces in the Post-Cold War Era, LIT, Münster, 2008, P. 467. 16 J Hobson, Imperialism: A Study, Cosimo, New York, 2005. 17 R Aron, Peace and War: A Theory of International Relations, Transactions Publishers, New Brunswick, 2003, p. 25.

Paper Communication in China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Paper Communication in China - Essay Example (2008) and Yuezhi Zhao’s ‘Communication in China’ (2008) and uses these insights extracted to examine the role of Chinese government in promoting desirable national image. In order to derive an-in-depth understanding two major media campaign cases including Beijing Olympic (2008) and Sichuan Earthquake (2008) has been duly focused upon. With reference to Zhao’s ‘Communication in China’ (2008), numbers of key influencing factors within the party-state’s regime that have significantly imposed greater control and domination over the Chinese media and communication has been identified. In this context, the power of formal bureaucratic procedure along with improvised regulations has critically identified by the author to have significant influence towards the development of the Chinese mass media and communication. Moreover, it has also been recognized that there are numerous control strategies and measures that characterize discipline including rationalizing, normalizing and synergizing of the current media performance within the nation (Zhao 12). Correspondingly, the re-invention of the power and control mechanism of the party-state has been further observed as the key influencing factors while making developmental decision of the Chinese media industry. According to the discussion of Zhao, the current role of media in the party-state affects the Chinese class structure in a distinctive manner. In this context, the author eloquently stated that â€Å"it affects class structure not only as an increasingly central vector of production and economic exchange, but also as the means of social organization and site of subjectivity formation.† The statement of the author significantly justifies the impact of party-state on media and communication which further creates major perplexities regarding the ownership structure along with property rights and corporate identity of the mass media in China (Zhao 76). In the similar context, it has been observed from