Discussion Board 2 EDU 626 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discussion Board 2 EDU 626 - Essay Example All the materials and physical objects that an instructor might use to deliver the information to the students or participants are called instructional media. Formally, it can be defined as "the physical means via which instruction is presented to the learners" (Reiser and Dempsey, 2007- pg 18). For instance usage of a text book, computer or even the in-class physical demonstration of an instructor can be labeled as an instructional medium. In any Instruction System Design (ISD), instructional media is used to make the audience understand the delivered material. It may be used to get the participant’s attention, to invoke the imagination of the students, to or to explain the explicit/implicit instructional goals. A research-based theory or a model is termed as Instruction System Design or Development (ISD). Such a model is designed after repeated experiments with different set of conditions (Merrill & Boutwell, 1973). It is important to note that each model is entirely dependa nt on its designer’s perceptions and ones understanding of the requirements for the instructional process. Once it is decided that an instructional medium is helpful in the process, there are number of factors to be considered before selecting a particular medium. Selection should be made after careful analysis of cost, availability, and the practical implementation of the entire course syllabus.

EVALUATING MINIMUM WAGE AS A LEGAL PRICE Research Paper - 1

EVALUATING MINIMUM WAGE AS A LEGAL PRICE - Research Paper Example This could sometimes result to negative economic impacts. This paper discusses the issue of evaluating minimum wage as a legal price. In the paper, we present the arguments behind this issue as well as some of its assessments. Increase in unemployment is a factor of minimum wage as a legal price. The rate of increase in unemployment depends with whether the minimum wage set is for skilled laborers or unskilled laborers. According to OECD (2011), job opportunities in the labor market for young people and unskilled workers are reduced by increase in minimum wages. However, the impact is different for the case of skilled workers. Evaluating minimum wages as a legal price could enhance understanding of its affect in both the case of skilled labor and the case of unskilled labor. This assists in making the right decisions on when to increase the wage and how to increase it. Increasing minimum wages could hinder economic development. By resulting to increase in the rate of unemployment, high minimum wage would lower economic development since unemployed people will be having little or no contributions to the economy. However, according to Mankiw (2011), advocates of minimum wage show that it results to increase in the earnings of poor workers. This could lower poverty levels in a country thus resulting to an economic development. Therefore, evaluating minimum wage as a legal price is necessary to determine the positive effects of increasing it as well as its negative effects. A raise in minimum wage as a legal price result to an improved standard of living. Increase in minimum wage increase the amount earned by a worker for doing the same job. However, this can only happen with low-earning jobs since the employee lives within the maximum he can earn. For highly paying job, it can have little or no effect. Moreover, Folsom & Boulware (2009) shows that increasing minimum wage cannot improve the standards of living since the people working at minimum wage are not the

Karl Marx - Capital Ch 7 Ch 9 Sec 1 Ch 10 Sec 1 Essay

Karl Marx - Capital Ch 7 Ch 9 Sec 1 Ch 10 Sec 1 - Essay Example Yet the legions of workers who once provided labor commodity with their hands (sweat equity, in other words), the spindle operators, for instance, to whom Marx refers in Chapter 7, have been supplanted by a technological revolution that has made the computer a tool nearly as utilitarian and ubiquitous as the spindle once was. In the modern economy, technology transforms the very nature of labor and the way in which that labor produces wealth. In the â€Å"Information Age† economy, the laborer’s work product is intrinsically intellectual, a work type rooted in the cogitative rather than the muscular. It places a premium on communication, since computer-based labor is informational, allowing communication to take place in the blink of an eye, and requiring the laborer to locate, extrapolate and respond to Name 2 unprecedented amounts of information each day. Decision-making, even among a company’s lowest strata, becomes a necessary and desirable skill, a thing unhe ard of among submissive 19th century laborers held in thrall by exploitative capitalists. In tracing the process involved in producing yarn, Marx outlines a chain of events that assesses the worth of the raw material needed to make yarn, the spindle used to produce it and the labor expended to manufacture it.

International Agenda Setting Conference Assignment - 2

International Agenda Setting Conference - Assignment Example We hope that you will comply with our request to keep the sound at a minimum during your services. We simply ask to keep the music down to a level that is not disturbing to others. This will keep a more peaceful community that can maintain good relations with one another. The neighbors and I agree that writing this letter would be appropriate. You are just as much a part of this community as anyone and a respectful letter is well deserved. I feel that before the city counselor authorities are involved, it is best to consult you first. One change I will execute in my upcoming presentation is to participate more with individual classmates Other students deserve more involvement with my discussion. By questioning my fellow classmates and receiving questions, the presentation is bound to be more fun and interesting. Before the presentation will I ask the students to write down their questions in order to not forget them. During my presentation, I will call on a few people and ask questions. Students will have a chance to voice and hear opinions concerning the topic. This change will allow for more attractive and unbiased presentation. The narcotizing function can be described as giving an appearance of contributing to a cause by excessive mass media coverage when in reality there is no contribution to the problem, people are only informed of the problem. In other words, the media’s wide coverage gives the assumption that something is being done, but the doing is superficial. â€Å"Exposure to this fold of information may serve to narcotize rather than to energize the average reader or listener† (Marris, P., Thornham, S. 22). The term function is typically stated as dysfunction because of its negative outcomes.  

Econmic Incentive Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Econmic Incentive - Assignment Example Externalities are the effects emerging from consumption or production of services and goods for which no appropriate money is paid. Externalities cause market failure in the event the price mechanism does not consider social benefits and costs. Since environmental resources are free, people tend to overuse them thus leading to environmental destruction. Economic incentives aim to repair this scenario by placing a price for environmental destruction. Due to this, some environmental resources such as minerals are bought and sold thus, limiting people from overusing them. In the end, the environment is protected. 7. When compared to traditional regulatory approaches, do incentives-mechanism based increase the cost of effectiveness of pollution control? What is the evidence? How might high transaction costs interfere with the effect of incentives? Incentives-based mechanism increases the cost of effectiveness because they offer a more cost effective way of attaining environmental quality. There is clear evidence of their effectiveness in the sense that since their introduction, pollution has decreased, as industries are more conscious not to pollute the environment. If the transaction costs are raised, then it will force the government to reduce economic incentives. Traditional approach allowed industries to take control of pollution control efforts to an extent that would result in cost-effective distribution of pollution control burden. This in turn did not work as firms used inexpensive production technologies. Incentive-based approaches encourage industries to apply expensive production technologies, which would result in less cost incurred in controlling pollution. This approach will impose tax on pollution and activities that produce pollution. This in turn will encourage firms to adapt modern production technologies and devices that would make them pay less. Industries will realize past pollution costs and be encouraged to conduct profit and loss

The eye scanned the whole area of California Essay

The eye scanned the whole area of California - Essay Example Taking a closer look, the observer began to notice something. It was odd yet very real. Both places if examined at a certain perspective become uncannily similar. To start with, both have labels thrown at them. The enclave for the upper class people is called gated community while the ordinary is called non-gated community. At the start both communities were already type-casted into something that may or may not be true. There is already a sense of expectation for both communities to perform or behave in a certain way. And the outcomes are weighed using only pure presumptions. The first thing that the observer noticed was that residents in both places seldom interacted with each other. Two neighbors in the gated community went out to pick up the newspapers and did not bother to say good morning or hello. Compare that to two neighbors this time in a non-gated community who also came out to do their assigned task of picking up the morning paper, and guess what happened Although the distance between the two houses in this lower middle class neighborhood are much closer to each other, both men were too absorbed in what they are doing that they di d not bother to look up. Everybody is doing their own thing; it does not matter if the guys are wearing Rolexes or cheap Japanese watches, the interaction between humans are at a very intensity. Few words are spoken, people are quiet, except for the Moms who from a distance are the ones whose mouths are always in use. Looking down on the physical surroundings, the observer noticed that in both locations dirt are piling up in the usual places. The rooftops for those much older houses begin to accumulate rotting leaves and the dust coming from the nearby dessert had also been collected in the gutters. The cat in the front lawn of the upper-class neighborhood is as bored as his whiskered cousin down the road five miles away. Also, the harried mom in the rich enclaves looks as distraught as the mother in a typical suburb who could not make her child eat breakfast while frantically trying to prepare her for school. For time is ticking in both places and it moves at the same speed. The rich and poor all have the same twenty four hours, everyone now is gearing up for the morning rush and nobody can make time stand still. In the afternoon both communities seemed no man's land as many of the folks had already left for work. The observer recorded that the toddlers left behind by their parents are being take n cared of by people not related to them judging by their facial features and other characteristics. It (observer) would later take note that money is given to them at the end of the day when Mom and Dad comes back from the office. And finally with regards to the baby sitter - which both working parents from both communities badly needed - when these hired help enter each respective house, immediately they went for the remote and watch TV. This phenomenon is again the same in both communities. As dusk begins to fall, the same golden sun can be seen dipping closer to the western side of both communities. And of course the moon is in its usual place and the stars too, the night sky can be enjoyed irregardless of the address. The moths are having a good time in both communities and they were attracted to the burning lamp-posts and did not care if the one is more expensive than the other. At night

Educational Technology in the Classroom Essay Example for Free

Educational Technology in the Classroom Essay The face of pedagogy has evolved through time with the emergence of the technological age in the 19th century. As new technologies have been developed in order to enhance and produce efficient working environments, educational institutions, especially early childhood education, have slowly adapted several technological tools in order to facilitate the teaching-learning process. Learning available technological advancements in early childhood education (ECE) and understanding how to incorporate them in the teaching process interests me because of the complex and specialized characteristic of ECE. Children are always curious about the things around them, that is why they love exploring and discovering things that are new to them. Applying technology in the classroom setting would be instrumental in teaching them many concepts that would be difficult to teach in the real-life environment. Moreover, employing technology would allow teachers to design challenging instructional materials that may be easily accessed by children. Synopsis One Buckleitner, W. (2000). â€Å"Techno Tools for Assessment. † Teaching with Technology. ProQuest Education Journals. Retrieved April 10, 2008, from ProQuest LLC. Website: http://proquest. umi. com. ezproxy. aut. ac. nz/pqdweb? index=4sid=2srchmode=1vinst=PRODfmt=6startpage=-1clientid=7961vname=PQDRQT=309did=62927618scaling=FULLts=1207829807vtype=PQDrqt=309TS=1207829837clientId=7961 (1) This article emphasizes the importance of technology in tracking and monitoring the growth and progress of children within the educational institution. It asserts that making use of technology allows the teacher to properly document the developments of each child, with the use of pictures and videos for instance, in order to involve and show the parents each milestone that their children accomplish in the school. Technology is also relevant during the assessment phase. The author continues to list several technological tools that from the lowest priced to the highly expensive, while still remaining important in assessing the developments within each child. Cameras, whether disposable, Polaroid, or digital, as well as digital video cameras, are useful in documenting the activities that children get involved in within the school. This would help in showing the parents how their children have grown from day one until the end of classroom instruction. Cassette recorders may be used to record sounds, such as songs, poems, and sounds learned throughout the year, in order to know what new knowledge they have learned regarding sound reproduction and music. Scanners may be used to keep records of pictures and artworks that children have made all throughout the year. This would help in assessing the creativity of each child. Communication with the parents at home may be facilitated by establishing an online website where the teacher and the parents may contact each other. Moreover, online websites may be used to send newsletters and other information that are in a need-to-know basis for the parents. (2) This article is important for teachers who want to learn about simple and affordable technologies to use in the classroom setting. Cameras, video cameras, scanners, sound recorders, and online websites, are simple devices that teachers can easily use. Moreover, assessment and evaluation has gone up a higher level with the options of using technologies, as well as in involving the parents with the education of their child. (3) The technological gadgets suggested by the author benefits the learner, although they do not get to explore and manipulate each gadget, because it focuses on the assessment phase of learning which assists in the identification of needs, demands and follow-throughs of children. Moreover, parents get involved in the education of their children, allowing them to know how they can assist in teaching their children more at home. (4) These technologies may be implemented by providing sound recorders for each student from the beginning of the class and let them record sounds that they have never learned before. During activities, which bring out their skills and abilities, the teacher should be able to take pictures and videos for documentation. Paper works done by the students should all be scanned accordingly for records sake and assessment in the future. At the end of the teaching instruction, the online website should be put up in the World Wide Web, and communicated to the parents in order for them to gain access to the website and start communicating with the teacher whenever possible. Synopsis Two Scoter, J. V. , Ellis, D. , Railsback, J. (2001). â€Å"Technology in Early Childhood Education. † Northwest Regional Educational Technology. Retrieved April 10, 2008, from NETC. Website: http://www. netc. org/earlyconnections/byrequest. pdf (1) The research study has explored the pros and cons of the employment of technology to early childhood education. The argument lies on the capacity of technological tools to provide for the basic needs of children, including their physical, social, emotional, mental, and language development needs. However, researchers could not deny the contributions that technology will make for facilitating teaching and learning for early childhood education. These contributions being teaching children how to learn by autonomy, wherein they learn by doing things by themselves, and the visualization of difficult concepts to teach and for children to grasp. The different developmental stages in early childhood education are also discussed in order to identify the goals and needs of children in each stage. The author continues to discuss several technologies to accomplish these goals and needs. The computer is the most important technological tool that should be used in early childhood education. Moreover, several softwares are available for computers, such as softwares that may be used in constructing examinations, drills, and practice tests. (2) The information in this article is important for teachers who wants to understand the benefits and advantages of technological tools within the classroom. This would assist them in making evenhanded decisions on whether to employ technological use for classroom instruction. Moreover, teachers who want to utilize technology within the classroom setting are informed of the goals and objectives of each child developmental stage in order to design technologies that are able to meet these goals and objectives. (3) The technology discussed in the article, such as the computer and software programs benefit the learner because of wide-range activities that it can develop for learners, such as drills and tests. This would allow teachers to produce numerous automated exams that would help students widen their knowledge and exercise their minds in order to retain information learned throughout classroom instruction. Moreover, computers are able to provide numerous functions such as music, videos, pictures, access to the internet, multimedia applications, language assistive technologies, etc. (4) Implementing what I read from the article takes time and careful planning. Planning should be done to lay out activities that will be suitable for particular developmental stages in children. After planning, the teacher is now ready to incorporate technologies according to the level of understanding and need of each child. This would be established by teaching children the basics of the computer and letting them handle it for better learning and understanding. Synopsis Three Wilford, S. (2007). â€Å"Tuning in to Tech. † Scholastic Early Childhood Today. Retrieved April 10, 2008, from ProQuest Education Journals. Website: http://proquest. umi. com. ezproxy. aut. ac. nz/pqdweb? index=12sid=1srchmode=1vinst=PRODfmt=6startpage=-1clientid=7961vname=PQDRQT=309did=1257130811scaling=FULLts=1207834444vtype=PQDrqt=309TS=1207834584clientId=7961 (1) The proper implementation of technology, so as to ensure positive learning outcomes, is the focus of this article. The author acknowledges the fact that technology does hold negative learning outcomes, especially to young children. In addition, the author continues to discuss the inadequacy of technologies if used improperly and minimally. Therefore, the author reveals steps or guidelines for making the most of the positive effects on learning that technologies may yield to early childhood education. These steps or guidelines include the use of clear digital images with large informative captions, images that show children who display moral values that students might learn, records of visuals and creative works done by students in the computer and student portfolios, taking videos of meaningful activities, and videos of theatrical performances done by children in order for them to imitate and gain insights about acting and being creative. (2) The article is relevant in reminding teachers on how to properly use technologies due to the fact that when these technological devices are used inadequately, then it will yield negative learning outcomes for young children. Aside from reminding teachers of this valuable information, it also provides important tips on how to maximize technology and utilize it appropriately. (3) This valuable piece of information benefits the learner in such a way that it educates the teacher. Educating teachers, especially on the proper use of technology, is significant in teaching with the use of technology properly, therefore, resulting to positive learning outcomes. (4) Implementing this piece of information in classroom instruction starts with committing such information to memory in order to remind oneself of how to use technology effectively in the classroom. Synopsis Four Hertzog, N. Klein, M. (2005). â€Å"Beyond Gaming: A Technology Explosion in Early Childhood Classrooms. † Gifted Child Today. Retrieved April 10, 2008, from ProQuest Education Journal. Website: http://proquest. umi. com. ezproxy. aut. ac. nz/pqdweb? index=43sid=1srchmode=1vinst=PRODfmt=6startpage=-1clientid=7961vname=PQDRQT=309did=872146761scaling=FULLts=1207837036vtype=PQDrqt=309TS=1207837110clientId=7961 (1) The focus of the research paper is to identify and reveal the importance of technology for the early childhood classroom and the benefits that they provide for the children. Several examples were given in order to illustrate real life situations wherein the incorporation of technology in classroom instruction was successful. UPS is an educational institution, which utilizes technology during classroom instruction. The institution attests to the positive learning outcomes that technologies yield within the children. Aside from the children, the teachers also benefit from the functions that technology provide to facilitate teaching and lighten their burden of keeping records and assessing the children’s growth and development. Moreover, technologies also enhance communication lines of the educational institution with the parents. Indeed, the children’s use of technology have gone beyond only gaming to learning valuable concepts that technology offers. (2) I think the article takes on a general approach to the study of technology as a means of facilitating learning for early childhood education. Not only does it discuss the benefits of technology on children, but also its positive effects to teachers and the parents as stakeholders who are involved with the education of young learners. Through this article, children, teachers, and parents learn to appreciate the benefits and advantages that technology provides in order to enhance the learning of their children. Moreover, other educational institutions may learn from the testimonies of UPS. (3) This article does not particularly talk about a certain technology that benefits the learner but it discusses the importance of technology in order to provide meaningful and challenging learning experiences to children. Moreover, it informs people on the importance of technology to the holistic development of children, professional career of teachers, and the involvement of parents to education. (4) The article talks about the need for educational institutions to implement technological tools itself and does not illustrate how to implement them. For educational institutions who are deciding whether to incorporate technology into their classroom instructions shall be guided by the advantages it would provide for learners, teachers and parents. Thus, encouraging them to implement technology when possible in order to promote quality learning. Bibliography Buckleitner, W. (2000). â€Å"Techno Tools for Assessment. † Teaching with Technology. ProQuest Education Journals. Retrieved April 10, 2008, from ProQuest LLC. Website: http://proquest. umi. com. ezproxy. aut. ac. nz/pqdweb? index=4sid=2srchmode=1vinst=PRODfmt=6startpage=-1clientid=7961vname=PQDRQT=309did=62927618scaling=FULLts=1207829807vtype=PQDrqt=309TS=1207829837clientId=7961 Hertzog, N. Klein, M. (2005). â€Å"Beyond Gaming: A Technology Explosion in Early Childhood Classrooms. † Gifted Child Today. Retrieved April 10, 2008, from ProQuest Education Journal. Website: http://proquest. umi. com. ezproxy. aut. ac. nz/pqdweb? index=43sid=1srchmode=1vinst=PRODfmt=6startpage=-1clientid=7961vname=PQDRQT=309did=872146761scaling=FULLts=1207837036vtype=PQDrqt=309TS=1207837110clientId=7961 Scoter, J. V. , Ellis, D. , Railsback, J. (2001). Technology in Early Childhood Education. Northwest Regional Educational Technology. Retrieved April 10, 2008, from NETC. Website: http://www. netc. org/earlyconnections/byrequest. pdf Wilford, S. (2007). â€Å"Tuning in to Tech. † Scholastic Early Childhood Today. Retrieved April 10, 2008, from ProQuest Education Journals. Website: http://proquest. umi. com. ezproxy. aut. ac. nz/pqdweb? index=12sid=1srchmode=1vinst=PRODfmt=6startpage=-1clientid=7961vname=PQDRQT=309did=1257130811scaling=FULLts=1207834444vtype=PQDrqt=309TS=1207834584clientId=7961